Seismic stratigraphy is the most contemporary method for a geological interpretation of seismic data. The interest in seismic stratigraphic techniques is expanding continuously. The seismic methods has clearly been proven in the last decades and it was especially beneficial for the petroleum geology. Seismic profiles are a vast and reliable source of information on the geological structure of the subsurface. The big advantage of seismic stratigraphy in basin studies lies in the fact that the methodology combines two different scales of observation and investigation: the seismic and well-control approach. Therefore, It provides a mean to make predictions on the geological structure and development in unknown sediment basins, where well control is lacking or very scarce.
The seismic reflection method creates a relatively simplified geophysical picture of the subsurface, which has to be interpreted in a geologically meaningful manner. It is vital to follow certain procedure, including basic steps in seismic stratigraphy analysis. Eventually, it leads to a new way of division, correlation and representing of sedimentary fill designated to basin analysis. The identification of the sedimentary sequences and system tracts by seismic data provide the basis for more precise prediction of lithofacies and depositional settings. It is important to gain an understanding of the geological evolution of sedimentary basins and establish their chronostratigraphic framework.
Seismic investigations get nowadays extended in ever greater details and improve the effectiveness in hydrocarbon prospecting and exploration. This approach provides a vital tool for delineation of reservoirs, seals, source rocks and hydrocarbon traps. More important is to pinpoint potential generative rocks and reservoir/seal pairs and define possible hydrocarbon plays. The seismic investigations should be considered also as an essential element in regional geology and basin analysis.
Lecturer: Assoc. Prof. Nikola Botoucharov